Free space optics (FSO) is a fascinating optical wireless technology providing a license-free alternative to microwave communications. In this work, we evaluate the performance of digital modulation techniques such amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK) and phase shift keying (PSK) to send and receive signals over a distance of 5 Kms in the presence of turbulent atmospheric conditions such as rain and fog for the Hyderabad region of Pakistan. Simulations of next generation FSO link have been performed in Optisystem tool to estimate BER under different atmospheric conditions. The results show that frequency shift keying outperforms other modulation techniques providing better performance, signal quality and lower bit error rate.

The study examined the components of job satisfaction and its predictive measures on job satisfaction of academics in Sri Lankan Universities. The study employed a descriptive research of the survey type to describe and interpret the components of job satisfaction of academics in Sri Lankan Universities. A questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents. The factors collected from the questionnaire includes demographic factors and 7 other factors namely superior behavior, co-worker behavior, job itself, physical conditions, teaching and Research, administrative duties, academic environment and freedom. Two hundred and thirty academics from various universities were responded. Haphazard Sampling was used in selecting the respondents, from state and non-state Universities. Data were analyzed using ordinal regression. Reliability analysis was applied to check the internal consistency of all the seven factors. The study revealed that, superior behavior, job itself and freedom are the significant factors for employee satisfaction.